CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS AND QUANTIFICATION OF PERILLALDEHYDE IN PERILLA FRUTESCENS LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL COLLECTED IN VIETNAM

Tóm tắt

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (Lamiaceae) is a valuable medicinal and culinary plant widely grown in Vietnam. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, analyze the chemical composition, and quantify perillaldehyde in the essential oil of Folium Perillae frutescensis collected from different regions in Vietnam. The total essential oil content was extracted and determined according to the Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V. Chemical profiling was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, a GC-MS method for quantifying perillaldehyde in the essential oil of Folium Perillae frutescensis was developed and validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The results showed that the total essential oil content of the fourteen samples fluctuated significantly, ranging from 0.68% to 2.21% (mL/100 g on a dry basis). GC-MS analysis identified perillaldehyde as the primary constituent in all samples, accounting for 28.3% to 68.7% of the relative percentage composition. Other major volatile compounds included D-limonene, caryophyllene, α-bergamotene, myristicin, and elemicin. The quantitative GC-MS method demonstrated high specificity, excellent linearity (R² = 0.9992), good precision (RSD < 4%), and strong accuracy with a recovery rate between 96.31% and 102.30%. The concentration of perillaldehyde in the analyzed essential oils varied from 137.10 mg/mL to 833.48 mg/mL, equivalent to 0.09% to 1.42% in the crude herbal materials. These data reveal notable variations in the chemical profiles of Vietnamese Perilla leaf essential oils across geographic locations and provide a reliable scientific database for the quality standardization of this medicinal material.